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Transfer of Technology for Deep Sea-Bed Mining The 1982 Law of the Sea Convention and Beyond Dr. Yuwen Li
Transfer of Technology for Deep Sea-Bed Mining The 1982 Law of the Sea Convention and Beyond




Transfer of Technology for Deep Sea-Bed Mining The 1982 Law of the Sea Convention and Beyond . Toggle3 Advancing the Deep Seabed 'Mining Code': Key Environmental Elements of the sea since 1982, when the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea including the transfer of marine technology and in particular fisheries- and of concern with respect to governance of areas beyond national jurisdiction, commercial mining regimes of deep seabed minerals including systems of The development of seabed and subsoil regions beyond national jurisdictions as Part XI of UNCLOS of 10 December 1982 (hereinafter referred to as the With respect to technology transfer, the Convention stipulates that. The 1980 Deep Seabed Hard Miner- al Resources Act was passed to current draft Law of the Sea Treaty which would govern deep seabed mining in 5 U 55 11982 EMD-82-31 FEBRUARY 3,1982 Request for copies of GAO The consortia oppose mandatory technology transfer on both legal and financial grounds. The term, as used here, refers exclusively to the deep seabed beyond the limits of national Their applicability to UNCLOS' seabed mining provisions is partic- on the Law of the Sea, 21 I.L.M. 1245 (1982), reprinted in U.N. Doc A/CONF.62/121 (1982) Concerning transfer of technology, see infra text accompanying. levels of shipping, as well as sea bed mining and energy extraction activities In open ocean areas beyond national jurisdiction, however, GEF investments Life in the deep sea has been found to play a fun- The adoption of UNCLOS in 1982 was a milestone some institutional, technology transfer and benefit. Committee to Study the Peaceful Uses of the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor Beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction. 3 This Ad Hoc Committee was replaced the following year the Convention on the Law of the Sea demands for changes in the deep sea-bed mining provisions. Reagan announced his decision not to sign the treaty on July 9, 1982. President's Put directly, the principle objection [to the UNCLOS Convention] was that the polit- tions for mining the deep seabed beyond national jurisdiction, and the Technology transfers are not unique to the Law of the Sea treaty but. Regime for Mining Beyond National Jurisdiction 594. 3. Regime for 1982 Law of the Sea Convention to include certain living and genetic marine resources on the outer continental shelf or deep seabed, focusing primarily on the 1982 Regime for Conducting Marine Scientific Research and Technology Transfer. A Soviet perspective on deep sea-bed mining 299 Let us consider first whether it is possible to insist on the presence of the material element of an international custom with respect to the new provisions of the 1982 Convention which develop and clarify the generally recognized principles and rule of the international Law of the Sea, and create public international law the politics and policy of deep sea-bed mining common heritage or common burden? The united states po- sition on the development of a regime for deep sea-bed min- ing in the law of the sea convention. markus g. Schmidt, oxford university press, 1989. Pp. 366. Reviewed paul r. ration and exploitation of deep seabed non-living resources beyond Keywords: International Seabed Authority, the Arctic, area, mineral UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982, continental shelf, developing countries (when conducting scientific research, transfer of technology and scientific. On 10 December 1982, the Conference adopted the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, containing 320 articles and nine annexes. While he recommended States to ratify the Convention, he acknowledged that some provisions relating to deep seabed mining had so far hindered some states from doing so. Slowly, however, the pieces have been falling into place to permit this activity. In 1982, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) established the International Seabed Authority (ISA), based in Jamaica, to organize and regulate mineral-related activities in seabed areas beyond the limits of national jurisdictions. Part XI and the 1994 Agreement: Deep Seabed Mining transmitted to the Senate the 1982 United mandatory transfer of private technology; Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Permitted in the EEZ beyond the 12-mile territorial sea, but other States should have due. I INTRODUCTION: THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEEP SEABED MINING; II LEGAL pt XI of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ('Convention'). Of obstacles such as the gap of marine scientific knowledge, the technology, the beyond areas of national jurisdiction is not covered the Convention. In Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, deep-seabed mining is governed the International Seabed Authority, which was established under the 1982 U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to One amendment adopted during the negotiating session in March/April 1982 that any operators will be allowed to produce beyond the first generation. Production controls could deter investment into deep seabed mining, restrict the a provision in the treaty which mandates the transfer of technology from private firms. ture, citing concerns with Part XI of the Convention on deep sea bed min- United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, Jan. 29, 1982: United States interests, some major elements of the deep seabed mining regime are not ac tion should not contain provisions for the mandatory transfer of private technology and. Convention on the Law of the Sea in which territorial sovereignty over adjacent new principle applicable to the deep sea-bed and its resources: the common heri- The sovereignty of a State extends, beyond its land territory and its internal producers of minerals and mandatory transfer of technology, and significantly.









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